El gimnasio en casa (1861-1912): ¿De una moda a estilo de vida saludable? / The Gymnasium at Home (1861-1912): From a Fashion to a Healthy Lifestyle?

Resumen En España, con la aparición de los primeros gimnasios higiénicos en la década de los años sesenta del siglo XIX, la gimnasia doméstica fue una alternativa para quienes no podían o no querían asistir al gimnasio. La industria gimnástica inventó métodos y aparatos para facilitar el ejercicio físico en casa. El objetivo de la presente aportación es dar a conocer este tipo de gimnasia y estimular un relato circunstancial y original. A través de la prensa y de la bibliografía histórica de la época hacemos la revisión pertinente hasta 1912. Finalmente, este relato sirve para concluir una problematización en el entorno de la débil cultura física de principios del siglo XX en España.

Abstract When the first hygienic gymnasiums appeared in Spain, in the 1860s, home exercise was an alternative for those who could not or did not want to go to a gymnasium. The gym industry invented methods and apparatus to make physical exercise at home easier. This paper aims to describe these kinds of home gymnasiums and stimulate circumstantial and original narrative. Through the press and historical bibliographical sources of the time, we reviewed the subject in publications up to 1912. Finally, this narrative serves to conclude a problematization in the environment of Spain's weak physical culture at the beginning of the twentieth century.

Resumo Na Espanha, com o surgimento das primeiras academias higiênicas nos anos 60 do século 19, a ginástica doméstica era uma alternativa para quem não podia ou não queria frequentar a academia. A indústria da ginástica inventou métodos e aparelhos para facilitar o exercício físico em casa. O objetivo desta contribuição é divulgar este tipo de ginástica e estimular uma história circunstancial e original. Através da imprensa e da bibliografia histórica da época, fazemos a resenha pertinente até 1912. Por fim, esta história serve para concluir uma problematização no ambiente da débil cultura física do início do século XX, na Espanha.

A SHORT HISTORY OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE: 3. LEISURE CAN MAKE YOU SICK.

The risk of infection associated with occupations can, and does, extend to certain leisure and sports activities. Generally, such pastimes are regarded as important for human health and mental wellbeing. However, infections may, rarely, be acquired during leisure activities that include water sports and water-related relaxation, and certain sports.

El gimnasio y la academia: para una filosofía del deporte / No disponible

No disponible

Cultura de paso de la amada, creadora del "juego de pelota" mesoamericano / Culture of paso de la amada, creator of "mesoamerican ballgame"

Se realiza una revisión sobre el origen del juego de pelota mesoamericano en el preclásico temprano (ca.1.700-1.000 a.C.). Por la antigüedad propuesta para sus vestigios sobre el juego de pelota, son candidatos a ser los ‘creadores del juego’ las culturas de Paso de la Amada, los pre-olmecas de San Lorenzo y El Opeño. Los vestigios referidos son fundamentalmente, la cancha de Paso de la Amada, las pelotas de hule de Manatí y las figurillas de El Opeño. Se concluye que la gran cancha de Paso de la Amada, la mayor construcción de Mesoamérica de su tiempo, aparece como el vestigio más antiguo del juego, y se le relaciona con la aparición de la primera sociedad no igualitaria en Mesoamérica. Se sugiere que los pobladores de Paso de la Amada, hacia 1650 a.C., fueron los creadores del juego y no los olmecas como generalmente se ha defendido (AU)

We study here the origin of the Mesoamerican ballgame during the early formative period (ca. 1700 B.C.). We select as candidates for the creators of the Mesoamerican ballgame the cultures of Paso de la Amada, pre-Olmec at San Lorenzo, and El Opeño, as they have the oldest vestiges of the ballgame. These vestiges are, to be exact, a ball court at Paso de la Amada, some rubber balls at Manati, and ceramic figurines at El Opeño. We conclude that the great ball court at Paso de la Amada, the biggest building of Mesoamerica at that time, appears as the oldest vestige of the game and it is in relation with the emergence of ranked societies in Mesoamerica. We suggest that the people of Paso de la Amada, around 1650 BC, were the creators of the game, and not the Olmecs, as generally defended (AU)

Measuring empathy feelings in football through media value / Valor mediático en el fútbol y grado de afinidad de los fans

This paper applies media value appraisals to measure the degree of identification that players and teams inspire in football supporters. Using a large data set of media value scores in season 2014/15, we rank the most popular football players and clubs worldwide; as well as the teams’ managers with the greatest media value exposure. Then, building upon individual ratings, we determine the hierarchy of the 'Big Five' European domestic leagues, according to their comparative media value status

En este artículo se emplean indicadores de valor mediático en el fútbol para estimar el grado de identificación que jugadores y clubs inspiran entre los aficionados. A partir de amplias bases de datos del valor mediático en la temporada 2014/15, se elaboran los rankings mundiales de jugadores y clubs, así como el ranking de los entrenadores con mayor visibilidad en los medios. Además, agregando registros individuales, puede determinarse la jerarquía de estatus mediático de las cinco grandes ligas domésticas de Europa

O abrasileiramento do clube de remo dos italianos em Porto Alegre nas décadas de 1930-1940 / The brazilianization of italians rowing club in Porto Alegre-Brazil at 1930-1940 decades

Este artigo trata da recomposição identitária pela qual passou o Club Canottieri Ducca degli Abruzzi durante operíodo do Estado Novo (1937-1945) ocorrido no Brasil. O Club Canottieri foi fundado por imigrantes italianos e seus descendentes, no ano de 1908 em Porto Alegre. Além do remo, este clube fomentava outras práticas e representações culturais que o reconheciam com identidade cultural italiana. Porém, quando o Brasil aderiu a Segunda Guerra Mundial(1939-1945), o clube renegociou sua identidade ao assumir representações identitárias brasileiras. Como ocorreu o processo de nacionalização do "Clube de Remo dos Italianos" em Porto Alegre no período demarcado entre final da década de 1930 e meados dos anos de 1940? Para responder a esta questão, foram coletados indícios sobre o clube em fontes impressas, como jornais, revistas, almanaques, dentre outras,e produzidas fontes orais. O Canottieri não marcou sua história apenas como um dos clubes de remo de Porto Alegre, mas sim como o primeiro clube esportivo com representação italiana. Este clube resistiu ao seu processo de abrasileiramento e buscou a manutenção de sua identidade cultural de origem.

This article studies the Club Canottieri Ducca degli Abruzzi identity reconfiguration during the New Estate period (1937-1945) occurred in Brazil. The Club Canottieri was founded by Italian immigrants and their descendents, in 1908 in Porto Alegre. In addition of rowing, this club promoted other practices and cultural representations that recognize it as a place of Italian cultural identity. However, when Brazil entered the Second World War (1939-1945), the club renegotiatedits identity by taking on Brazilian identity representations. How did the process of nationalization "of the Italian Rowing Club" in Porto Alegre in the period demarcated between the late 1930s and mid 1940s? To answer this question, wecollected evidence on the club in printed sources such as newspapers, magazines, almanacs, among others and produced oral sources. The Canottieri not only marked its history as one of the rowing clubs of Porto Alegre, but as the first sports club with Italian representation. This club has resisted the process of "Brazilianization" and tried to maintain its cultural identity of origin.

Este artículo estudia la reconfiguración de la identidad del Club Canottieri Ducca degli Abruzzi durante el período del Estado Nuevo (1937-1945)ocurrido en Brasil. El Canottieri Club fue fundado por inmigrantes italianos y SUS descendientes, en 1908 en Porto Alegre. Además del remo, el club promovió otras prácticas y representaciones culturales que se reconoce como un lugar de la identidad cultural italiana. Sin embargo, cuando Brasil entró en la Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945)el club renegoció su identidad mediante la adopción de las representacionesde identidad brasileñas. ¿Cómo fue el proceso de nacionalización "del Club de Remo italiano" en Porto Alegre, en el período delimitado entre finales de 1930 y mediados de 1940? Para responder a esta pregunta, se recogieron pruebas sobre el club en fuentes impresas, como periódicos, revistas, almanaques, entre otros y fuerón producidas fuentes orales. El Canottieri no sólo marcó su historia como uno de lós clubes de remo de Porto Alegre, pero como el club deportivo por primera vez con la representación italiana. Este club se ha resistido el proceso de "brasileñización" y trató de mantener su identidad cultural de origen.

Physical activity patterns by campus housing status among African American female college students.

Physical activity protects against heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, and cancer. Fewer than 40% of African American women obtain recommended amounts of physical activity. Healthy Campus 2010 identifies physical activity as a top priority for improving the health of college students. However, during college, women tend to reduce their levels of physical activity. This study examines the relationship between campus housing and physical activity behaviors in a sample of African American female college students (N = 138). Participants who lived on campus were significantly more likely to meet the recommended amounts of both moderate and vigorous physical activity than students who lived off campus (44% vs. 19%). The results demonstrate the importance of campus fitness resources in explaining the role that the built environment can play in increased physical activity among this population. Recommendations for the use of the campus's built environment and fitness resources are provided.

As práticas corporais femininas em clubes paulistas do início do século XX / Female corporal practices in paulista clubs in the earlier XX century

Na década de 20, o esporte ainda era visto como uma instituição masculina, o que invalidava a experiência atlética feminina, sendo apenas o atletismo, a dança clássica e o bola ao cesto, consideradas atividades saudáveis para o intitulado "sexo frágil". Uma vez excluídas dos estádios e instituições esportivas, assim como da própria vida pública determinada na época, a condição feminina foi limitada pela dedicação ao lar e à família.Em contrapartida, o Movimento Feminista lutava pelo direito à cidadania, à uma existência legal na vida pública e a própria Educação Física apontava através de seus discursos a mulher como fisicamente ativa, dentro de propósitos eugenistas e higienistas. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir como se deu a participação da mulher nas práticas corporais em clubes na década de 20 na cidade de São Paulo.

In the second decade of the XX century, sports were still accepted as a male institution, which disabled the female athletic experience, being only the athletics, the classic dance and the basketball (called "bola ao cesto") considered as healthy activities to the so called "fragile gender". Once banned from stadiums and sport institutions as well as from the very public life at that time, the female condition was limited to home and family activities. Notwithstanding, the Feminism strived for the right to citizenship and to a legal existence in public life. The Physical Education very itself referred women as physically active through its discourses within eugenics and hygienic purposes. The aim of this study is to discuss how occurred the women participation in corporal practices in clubs in the decade of 20 in São Paulo city.

A Corrida de Revezamento do Fogo Simbólico da Pátria em Porto Alegre (1938-1947): estudo sobre a participação dos clubes esportivos / Carrera de Relevo del Fuego Simbólico de La Nación en Porto Alegre (1938-1947): estudio sobre la participación de los clubes deportivos / The National Torch Relay in Porto Alegre city (1938-1947): study on the sports clubs participation

Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender a participação dos clubes esportivos porto-alegrenses na invenção da Corrida de Revezamento do Fogo Simbólico da Pátria (CFS) em Porto Alegre (RS – Brasil) no período de 1938 a 1947. Fontes impressas e fontes orais foram utilizadas nesse estudo. Os clubes esportivos porto-alegrenses, na figura dos seus atletas e dirigentes, ajudaram a inventar e fixar a CFS em Porto Alegre. Além disso, os clubes construíram representações da identidade nacional brasileira através da CFS.

This study aims to understand the portoalegrenses sports clubs participation in the invention of the National Torch Relay (NTR) in Porto Alegre city (RS – Brazil) in the period from 1938 to 1947. Printed and oral sources were used in it. Porto-alegrenses sports clubs, in the figure of their athletes and sports leaders, helped to invent and set the NTR in Porto Alegre city. Moreover, the sports clubs constructed representations of the Brazilian national identity through the NTR.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo entender la participación de los clubes deportivos portoalegrenses en la invención de la “Carrera de relevo del Fuego Simbólico de la Nación¼ (CFS) en la ciudad de Porto Alegre (RS – Brasil) en el período comprendido entre 1938 a 1947. Fuentes impresas y fuentes orales fueron utilizadas en ese estudio. Los clubes deportivos porto-alegrenses, en la figura de sus atletas y dirigentes, han ayudado a inventar y establecer la CFS en Porto Alegre. Por otra parte, los clubes esportivos construiran representaciones de la identidad nacional brasileña a través de la CFS.

[A battle of th health clubs in the Netherlands around 1840]. / De ziekenfondskwestie rond 1840: een Amsterdams of een nationaal probleem?

The discovery of a national inquiry into health funds in the 1840s gives cause to reconsider the traditional view on this subject. After a prosperous period under the guild regime commercial interests penetrated the health market. Its directors supposedly enriched themselves at the expense of both the insured and the professionals (general practitioners (gp's) and chemists). As things grew worse the government intervened and ordered an inquiry by a Select Committee. In reality things were slightly different. The debate on heath insurance was part and parcel of the pursuit of the medical profession to improve its standing. An alarming report on health funds by the Amsterdam medical commission spurred the Health Department to action. The national inquiry did not in fact corroborate the earlier report. In most parts of the Netherlands health insurance did not exist. In only two provinces - North and South Holland - taking out health insurance was an option and even there it was to a large extent in the cities. The three big cities - Amsterdam, Rotterdam and The Hague - accounted for 51.8 percent of all funds and as much as 72.2 percent of all persons insured. Nearly all complaints in the 1840s originated from gp's in Amsterdam. Only The Hague had the same experience i.e. infringements on private practice, enrichment by the fund governors etc. The complaints were not unlike those of the English club doctors at the end of the century. In both cities commercial health funds were important, while in Rotterdam gp's had very often been founding fathers. The author has tried to put the complaints into a wider perspective by comparing commercial funds with local clubs' and gp's own fund, the AZA, founded in 1847 to combat the disputed trend. Finally commercial funds have been compared with medical relief (number of patients and paid fees). The complaints about remuneration seem exaggerated as even AZA could not afford to pay higher fees. Commercialisation had only just started, but the new funds were more successful than the older clubs. AZA, however, proved to be even more successful. In close co-operation with poor law authorities a demarcation was introduced between medical relief and the working poor who had to take out a health insurance. AZA excluded the well-to-do from participating. Amsterdam developed a brand new health insurance policy in response to the threat of commercial funds. In the early twentieth century the story was repeated on a national level in response to proposals for compulsory sickness insurance.